Indonesia for Humans

Jakarta, Indonesia
Indonesia for Humans is a non-profit-community-based organization for Economy Justice and SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression) rights.

Thursday, August 23, 2012

Parliamentary petition to repeal 377A: not just any other petition


By Choo Zheng Xi
Published by The Online Citizen on October 12, 2007
In the most formal challenge to Singapore’s gay sex laws yet, Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) Siew Kum Hong will be sponsoring a petition in Parliament calling for the repeal of section 377A of the Penal Code. The petition was initiated by lawyer George Hwang and gay media company Fridae.com owner Dr Stuart Koe.
377A is the section of the Penal Code which prohibits “gross indecency” between men.
The petition calls for the repeal of 377A on the basis that it contravenes section 12 (1) of the Constitution.
Section 12 (1) states: “All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law”.
The petition requests that Parliament ‘extend equal protection to all Singaporeans in respect of their private consensual sexual conduct, regardless of their sexual orientation’.

Section 377A Challenge Can Proceed: Court of Appeal


This article is by Indulekshmi Rajeswari, who was the head of M Ravi's legal team in the case.
Today was an absolutely historic day in the fight for LGBT rights in Singapore. The Court of Appeal decided to allow the constitutional challenge against s377A to go ahead, reversing the decision of the High Court.

At around 11am today, the Court of Appeal of Singapore released their decision regarding the hearing that took place almost a year ago, in 2011. I reported on the hearing back then, and it is useful reading for those who wish to know the background on this case.

In the 106-page judgment, the Court of Appeal explained their reasons. The reasons given are more or less consistent with the arguments of the Appellant, Tan Eng Hong. Primarily, the Court of Appeal opined the following:

Tuesday, August 7, 2012

Dear friends and colleagues,

Please find below a journal article by TWN’s New Delhi based researcher Ranja Sengupta, entitled ‘Government Procurement in the EU-India FTA: Dangers for India’, published recently by the influential Economic & Political Weekly.

Sengupta considers the challenges facing the government in New Delhi as it faces pressure from the European Union, via the proposed EU-India free trade agreement, to open up its lucrative government procurement (GP) sector (estimated at around US$156 billion, or around 12-14% of the nation’s gross domestic product), even while it studies the benefits and prospects for Indian companies to access public procurement in Europe.

The stakes are indeed high for India, Sengupta points out, as sectors as diverse as railways, energy and telecommunications to construction and health, hitherto reserved for domestic constituencies and used to address economic and social inequalities and to promote domestic growth and development, are slated to be up for grabs by EU (and India’s other trade partners') firms.

In addition to provisions such as prescribing minimum local content, price preference and other preferential measures, preferential treatment had also previously been given to Indian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and khadi and village enterprises (KVEs) such as the waiving of tender fees, awarding contracts to other than the lowest bidder, and 5-15% price preference for small-scale industries (SSIs). Reservations had also been given to MSMEs and KVEs, public sector undertakings, women’s groups, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other minority groups.

But while India is being asked to give market access to the EU, the latter’s own procurement, though technically open, is in effect inaccessible to most other countries, Sengupta finds. Only a very small proportion of the EU GP market can effectively be accessed by non-EU suppliers. According to one study, even if the EU markets were open to India, India’s likely gain would be around only US$10-12 million.

Recent developments in India have seen many MSMEs becoming ineligible for procurement bids, and a proposed public procurement bill is aimed at ensuring transparency, accountability, probity, fair and equitable treatment and to promote competition, efficiency, economy, integrity and public confidence in the public procurement process.

But aside from the conflict between the provisions of the future law and the likely provisions of the FTA in the pipeline between EU and India, the dangers are stark given the latter will lock in India’s  commitments on GP and severely compromise policy space.

Notwithstanding the current lack of transparency in the Indian system, corruption and “big gaps in the implementation of a development-friendly GP policy,” Sengupta concludes, these issues can be addressed domestically. After all, she says, India can always invite international bids when it needs, as it does currently, without shackling itself to binding agreements to do so.

With best wishes,
Third World Network

Gugatan Novartis untuk Paten GLIVEC (obat kanker) di Tolak Kantor Paten India

Gugatan Novartis pada kantor Paten India telah dilakukan beberapa tahun lampau. Saat ini kasusnya disidangkan di Mahkamah Agung India, keputusannya kemungkinan akan dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2012 mendatang. Tulisan di bawah ini dibuat pada awal gugatan ini berlangsung tahun 2007 dan pernah dimuat di website IGJ saat itu www.globaljust.org. Namun website itu berganti nama menjadiwww.igj.or.id. Karena tulisan ini masih relevan, maka dipublikasi kembali.

Gugatan perusahaan farmasi multinasional, Novartis ditolak oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Chennai pada 6 Agustus lalu 2007 lalu. Perusahaan farmasi itu mengajukan gugatan setelah pemerintah India menolak memberikan paten untuk Glivec, obat kanker, pada Januari 2006. Penolakan itu memberikan peluang untuk terus memproduksi secara bebas obat generik Imatinib untuk kanker.

Keputusan itu disambut para aktivis kesehatan yang yang telah mengingatkan, interpretasi yang terlalu luas atas kelayakan paten akan menghentikan India dari memproduksi obat-obatan murah untuk orang miskin. Direktur organisasi Dokter tanpa Batas atau Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF),  Tido von Schön-Angerer, mengatakan penolakan itu merupakan penyelamatan jutaan pasien dan dokter di negara-negara berkembang yang tergantung obat buatan India.

Sementara Novartis mengumumkan akan memecah dana risetnya dan pengembangannya yang direncanakan ke India dipindah ke China. Daniel Vasella, pejabat tinggi perusahaan farmasi tersebut mengatakan, “keputusan ini bukan merupakan undangan untuk menginvestasikan dalam pengembangan dan penelitian di India, seperti yang telah kami lakukan. Kami akan menginvetasikan lebih ke negara dimana kami mendapat perlindungan. Ini juga bukan sejenis hukuman, ini hanya pertanyaan mengenai iklim investasi ke depan."

Pengadilan menekankan satu bagian dalam hukum paten India yang mensyaratkan penemuan yang layak untuk dipatenkan atau mendapat paten baru, harus benar-benar berubah signifikan. Klausa ini untuk mencegah terjadinya paten atas suatu penemuan yang hanya diubah sedikit. Dikatakan bahwa tidak ada yurisdiksi yang mengatur apakah klausa ini selaras dengan aturan WTO (Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia atau World Trade Organisation) yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual atau TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), seperti yang dituduhkan oleh Novartis.

Transgender people no longer considered "mentally ill" to American Psychiatric Association

By Kelly Craig
“Gender Identity Disorder” is now a term of the past as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, will be replacing the term with “Gender Dysphoria,” according to the Associated Press.
This change is a result of years of lobbying the American Psychiatric Association to change or remove the “mentally ill” characterization given to all who are transgender. Individuals may now be diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria, “a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.”
“All psychiatric diagnoses occur within a cultural context,” Jack Drescher, a New York psychiatrist and member of the APA subcommittee said. “We know there is a whole community of people out there who are not seeking medical attention and live between the two binary categories. We wanted to send the message that the therapist’s job isn’t to pathologize.”
The DSM manual’s change in this fifth edition is a huge step for the trans community, as they will no longer live under the label “disordered.” 

Saturday, August 4, 2012

Akses atas Obat dan FTA India - Uni Eropa

Keprihatinan serius disuarakan oleh para aktivis, kelompok masyarakat sipil dan para pasien atas perundingan pembentukkan perjanjian perdagangan bebas atau sering dikenal sebagai FTA antara Uni Eropa/UE (blok beranggotakan 27 negara) dengan India.

Demikian yang disampaikan oleh Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF atau Dokter tanpa Batas), sebuah organisasi internasional yang pernah meraih Nobel Perdamaian atas kerja-kerja di bidang kemanusiaan di sekitar 80 negara. Dalam surat yang dikirimkan ke Perdana Menteri India, Dr. Manmohan Singh, MSF menuliskan keprihatinannya atas perundingan FTA UE India yang bisa berdampak buruk pada akses atas obat-obatan tidak hanya di India tapi juga di negara-negara berkembang lainnya.

India menurut MSF, telah memainkan peranan penting dalam mensuplai obat-obatan versi generik ke seluruh negara-negara berkembang. MSF misalnya menggunakan 80 persen obat antiretroviral untuk program AIDS/HIV ke seluruh dunia dari India. Ketersediaan kombinasi dosis tetap tiga obat dalam satu tablet telah membawa perubahan luar biasa dalam pengobatan AIDS. Dan itu hanya mungkin terjadi karena tidak ada hak paten diberlakukan untuk membuat tiga obat dalam satu tablet di India. Saat ini, menurut data MSF, 92 persen orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS di negera-negara berkembang dan miskin menggunakan obat antiretroviral yang dibuat di India.

Sunday, July 29, 2012

Unlikely Vietnam Considers Same-Sex Marriage

By MARGIE MASON Associated Press
HANOI, Vietnam July 29, 2012 (AP)

Dinh Thi Hong Loan grasps her girlfriend's hand, and the two gaze into each other's love-struck eyes. Smiling, they talk about their upcoming wedding — how they'll exchange rings and toast the beginning of their lives together.
The lesbians' marriage ceremony in the Vietnamese capital won't be officially recognized, but that could soon change. Vietnam's Communist government is now considering whether to allow same-sex couples to marry or legally register and receive rights — positioning the country to be the first in Asia to do so.
"Our love for each other is real and nothing changes regardless of whether the law is passed or not," said Loan, 31. "But when it is passed, we will definitely go get registered. I can't wait!"
Even longtime gay-rights activists are stunned by the Justice Ministry's proposal to include same-sex couples in its overhaul of the country's marriage law. No one knows what form it will take or whether it will survive long enough to be debated before the National Assembly next year, but supporters say the fact that it's even being considered is a victory in a region where simply being gay can result in jail sentences or whippings with a rattan cane.
"I think everyone is surprised," said Vien Tanjung, an Indonesian gay-rights activist. "Even if it's not successful it's already making history. For me, personally, I think it's going to go through."
Vietnam seems an unlikely champion of gay-rights issues. It is routinely lambasted by the international community over its dismal human rights record, often locking up political dissidents who call for democracy or religious freedom. Up until just a few years ago, homosexuality was labeled as a "social evil" alongside drug addiction and prostitution.

Same sex co-living is considered in the revision of law on marriage and family.

On June 7, the Institute for Social, Economic and Environmental Studies (iSEE) announced that they welcome the addition of same sex relationship to the draft of amended Law on Marriage and Family, which supposedly will be presented to the National Assembly in the near future.

This is the first time same sex co-living is considered for the draft of the amended law since the 2000 Law on Marriage and Family (article 10, clause 5) which prohibits marriage between same sex couples.

According to the official correspondence sent by the Ministry of Justice to related ministries and offices, there are still many opposite views on same sex marriage. There are only more than 20 countries and territories that legalized same sex marriage.

Also according to Ministry of Justice, community of gay and lesbian tend to expand [in VN] and the demand for marriage or co-living increase. From individual freedom points of view, the rights for same sex marriage need to be acknowledged. However, due to the sensitivity of the topic and customs of Vietnamese people, it is too early to acknowledge same sex marriage in VN now.

However, according to the Ministry of Justice, regulations need to be supplemented to solve matters related to same sex co-living, such as properties and adopted children of same sex family and [these regulations need to be added] to the draft of amended Law on Marriage and Family.

TRIPS dan TRIPS Plus berdampak buruk pada akses atas obat


(Kanaga Raja - Jenewa) –Perjanjian hak atas kekayaan intelektual yang terkait perdagangan (TRIPS -Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) dan TRIPS Plus dalam perjanjian dagang bilateral (FTA -Free Trade Agreements) memiliki dampak buruk pada harga dan ketersediaan obat, dan mempersulit suatu negara untuk selaras dengan kewajiban menghormati, melindungi, dan memenuhi hak-hak kesehatan, demikian dikatakan Pelapor Khusus PBB (UN Special Rapporteur) untuk kesehatan, Mr. Anand Grover.  

Demikian juga, ketiadaan kapasitas yang dibarengi dengan tekanan dari negara maju, membuat negara-negara berkembang dan miskin sulit menggunakan fleksibilitas TRIPS untuk mempromosikan akses pada obat. Karena itu, negara-negara perlu untuk mengambil langkah memfasilitasi penggunaan fleksibilitas TRIPS.

Lebih jauh, negara-negara berkembang dan kurang berkembang (LDCs – least developed countries) seharusnya tidak menerapkan pengaturan TRIPS plus dalam hukum-hukum nasional mereka. Negara-maju juga seharusnya tidak mendorong negara berkembang dan LDCs untuk memasuki pertanjian TRIPS plus dalam FTA dan menyadari kebijakan-kebijakan yang mungkin dapat melanggar hak atas kesehatan.

Implementasi - Solusi TRIPs; Paragraf 6


Hampir tujuh tahun, ketika negara-negara anggota WTO sepakat untuk melonggarkan aturan di bidang perindungan hak atas kekayaan intelektual di bidang kesehatan. Dengan tujuan meningkatkan akses masyarakat atas obat. Namun, fasilitas tersebut hampir tidak digunakan. 12 Februari 2010 lalu, negara-negara anggota WTO melakukan pertemuan informal untuk mendiskusikan akses atas obat.

Di bawah peraturan TRIPS - WTO, lisensi wajib yang diatur dalam pasal 31 f terutama ditujukan untuk pasar domestik (nasional). Tetapi, Deklarasi Doha untuk Kesehatan Publik tahun 2001 (sering disebut sebagai “Solusi Paragraf 6”) memperbolehkan negara dengan kapasitas industri farmasi yang terbatas (atau tidak memiliki industri farmasi) untuk mengimpor dari negara lain. Solusi paragraf 6 tersebut juga memperbolehkan negara yang memiliki industri farmasi dan memproduksi obat dapat mengekspor obat-obatan dengan menggunakan lisensi wajib ke negara lain (yang tidak memiliki industri farmasi) jika memenuhi ketentuan yang berlaku.

Ketentuan dan syarat-syarat tersebut yang kemudian dirundingkan dan menghasilkan Keputusan 30 Agustus 2003 dan amandemen TRIPs pada tahun 2005 yang membuat keputusan pada 2003 menjadi permanen. Keputusan ini akan menjadi bagian perjanjian TRIPs jika 2/3 anggota meratifikasi amandemen tersebut. Telah ditentukan batas akhir pada 2007, tetapi General Council (Dewan Umum) memperpanjang sampai Desember 2009 dan kemudian menjadi 31 Desember 2011.

Sampai Februari 2010, telah terdapat 28 negara yang meratifikasi amandemen tahun 2005. Terbaru, adalah Nikaragua (25 Januari 2010) dan Pakistan (10 Februari 2010).

"I ONLY REQUIRE FAIRNESS FOR EVERYONE."

Thursday, July 26, 2012 17:14

Whose idea was taken from his speech at the conference Le Quang Binh consultations on the ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights had occurred.

Sincerely representatives Intergovernmental Committee on ASEAN human rights!

Dear ladies, gentlemen!
I want to start with a question why do we need a Bill of Rights in the context of so many cultural differences, economic and social development levels and political systems among the ASEAN countries ? The answer is that we have a common goal which is to protect human rights and freedoms of all citizens of ASEAN. We need mechanisms to protect human rights because we know that there are groups and individuals vulnerable than other groups, especially women, the disabled, ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, homosexual, but calculated and transgender.


There are millions of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples in ASEAN. They are often marginalized, stigma, discrimination by specific cultures, different lifestyles, beliefs and traditions especially community ownership of land and natural resources. Their livelihoods are often threatened and destroyed by the mining projects, hydroelectric power, armed conflict and resettlement. In general, ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples are the poorest, most vulnerable and human rights violated their most vulnerable. Therefore, I call on ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights to ensure the rights of ethnic minorities in land ownership by individuals or communities as they wish, be informed and consulted and agree in advance when mining projects, hydroelectric and migration is performed.ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights should ensure the right of minorities to preserve and develop their culture such as language, local knowledge and methods of traditional public administration. 

Mau dibawa kemana gerakan LGBTTIQ Indonesia?

Tak perlu saya jelaskan panjang lebarpun juga teman teman sudah tau kalau Gerakan LGBTIQ dari awal selalu mengibarkan bendera Hak Asasi Manusia. Kita berjuang untuk persamaan Hak, menghilangkan segala bentuk diskriminasi gender dan sekualitas, mencoba menghilangkan bentuk pemikiran berbasis Patriaki dan menghadiran pemikiran yang berbasis persamaan gender dan sekualitas.

dokumentasi : Viena Tanjung; IWD 2011
Lalu mau dibawa kemana gerakan LGBTIQ Indonesia ke depan? Dengan segala macam bentuk pendiaman paksa yang kita terima hingga sampai persetujuan Indonesia dalam Hukum Mati berdasarkan Orientasi Seksual.

Gerakan kita diserang dari segala macam penjuru diskriminasi yang bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia hingga membuat kita kecolongan dengan diskriminasi dalam bentuk lain, contohnya dengan adanya FTA antara Uni Eropa – India, yang mengakibatkan harga obat generic India tidak dapat lagi dibeli dengan harga murah, tapi harus mengikuti harga jual Uni Eropa, sedangkan obat generic ini adalah obat untuk HIV yang dibeli oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Lalu apa yang kita lakukan? Kita berdemo tentang masalah subsidi obat HIV yang merupakan masalah HAM? Kan jadi ironis, karena kita kebakaran jenggot pada saat kebakaran, tapi diam duduk manis pada saat api mau disulut di depan mata kita.

Bank Benih Tani Indonesia, Majulah!!!



Seminggu yang lalu, tepatnya tanggal 11-13 Juli 2012 telah berkumpul para petani pemulia benih dari Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat pada acara sarasehan jaringan petani nasional yang bertempat di Kantor ICBB (Indonesian Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology) Bogor. pertemuan ini dimaksudkan untuk merespon semakin menghilangnya benih lokal yang ada di Indonesia. Dalam pertemuan ini disepakati dibentuknya Asosiasi Bank Benih Tani Indonesia (AB2TI).

dokumentasi : Viena Tanjung
Foto ini menunjukkan adanya semangat dan jiwa gotong royong para pendiri AB2TI dalam upaya menyiapkan Bank Benih Tani Indonesia. Organisasi ini dikomandoi oleh Bapak DR Andreas dari IPB dan dibantu oleh perwakilan berbagai ormas petani, peneliti, dan NGO yang fokus pada upaya mewujudkan kedaulatan benih. Suatu saat Bank Benih diharapkan ini akan memproduksi benih lokal unggul Indonesia yang tidak kalah dalam hal produktifitas dengan benih-benih fabrikan.



Daulat Benih di Negeri Sendiri


Tak tahan dengan dominasi benih pabrikan, petani membentuk bank benih demi mengakhiri ketergantungan. Upaya membangun kemandirian petani.

Dokumentasi : Viena Tanjung
Di tengah kesejukan udara Bogor, semangat dari berbagai daerah itu disatukan, Jumat dua pekan lalu. Petani pemulia benih dari Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Barat sepakat membentuk Bank Benih Tani Indonesia (AB2TI). “Pembentukan AB2TI menjadi puncak dari sarasehan jaringan petani nasional,” ujar Koordinator Pendidikan dan Advokasi Aliansi Petani Indonesia, Fadil Kirom.
Bermodal saweran antarjaringan, mereka merespon problem semakin menghilangnya benih lokal unggul di Indonesia. Tiga hari penuh perwakilan berbagai paguyuban petani, peneliti, dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat berembuk untuk mewujudkan kedaulatan benih bagi petani.
Selain petani, bergabung pula pakar bioteknologi tanah dan lahan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dwi Andreas Santosa, bersama segelintir anggota dewan perwakilan rakyat.
Reriungan petani itu tak terjadi tiba-tiba. Benih-benih lokal unggul, baik tanaman pangan maupun hortikultura (tanaman kebun), yang kian menurun produktivitasnya menggugah mereka berbuat sesuatu.